Introduction: Health equity within the cancer care continuum remains an underexplored concept. To achieve optimal health outcomes at the population level, it is essential to explore health equity and address the disparities embedded within cancer care. Identifying existing barriers is a vital step in understanding the breadth and depth of implementing equitable approaches. This will provide insights into the types of approaches needed to address these disparities. Methods: This scoping review examines barriers related to cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment that disproportionately impact underserved and marginalized communities. Results: The findings indicate that recurring barriers across the cancer care continuum include low health literacy, communication-related challenges, and language proficiency. Specific barriers to diagnostic programs include poor coordination of care, long wait times, and a lack of trust in primary care providers. Addressing these inconsistencies is crucial for the conceptualization and implementation of equitable approaches to eliminate disparities within the cancer care continuum. Discussion: The review highlights barriers such as low health literacy, language proficiency issues, and poor coordination of care significantly impact cancer outcomes. Tailored interventions, such as culturally appropriate health education, improved patient-provider communication, and integrated care coordination, are essential for addressing these barriers. By implementing these strategies, health equity can be enhanced, leading to better health outcomes for all population segments.