Opportunities and challenges of microneedle electrochemical sensors for interstitial fluid detection
Résumé
Microneedle (MN) electrochemical sensors offer new strategies for personalized medicine and point-to-point medical testing, providing new opportunities for disease diagnosis and treatment by detecting biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF). Although there are some challenges, such as improving the accuracy and reliability of the assay, ensuring biocompatibility, and reducing the cost, these challenges are expected to be gradually overcome with the advances in materials science, nanotechnology, and biosensing technology. This paper reviews the properties of microneedle sensors, their preparation methods, and their applications in ISF detection. Special attention is given to the principles of MN electrochemical sensors as well as wearable MN sensors, and future trends in MN sensing systems are outlined, while the risks and challenges when used in ISF detection are emphasized. This provides guidance and reference for future research and development of electrochemical MN sensors, especially in terms of improving detection sensitivity, optimizing biocompatibility, and enhancing user-friendliness.