(In)fertility is a challenge of all times. Although we have already experienced this in the past, even today countries such as France are deploring a significant decrease in the birth rate. In this sense, assisted reproduction technology (ART) seems to provide solutions to infertility. But, ART require legislative supervision to be ethically applied. In France, the bioethics law, regularly reviewed, fulfills this function and it lastest review (in 2021) has profoundly transformed the landscape of ART by making it, for istance, accessible to new populations (lesbian couples and single women). These developments contextualize the reality of conception, in particular donor insemination (DI), and ART centers are facing new challenges: a growing demand and not enough donors. This thesis aims to study the meaning that different populations of french society give to sperm donation (donors, recipients, children and general population) in this new legislative reality. It is anchored in a sociogenetic approach of social representations investigating how they are constructed and transformed within social communications. Our focus will be on two main questions identified as places of expression and construction of representations: motivation of donors and negotiation of parental stories. In order to produce an holistic work, we will apply the principles of methodological triangulation, offering varied and adapted to the sensitivity of the publics tools. Furthermore, we will propose a comparative study with another country: Switzerland. By this way we will better understand how these representations are constructed and expressed in a legislative and territorial context close but still different from the French context.