Armant/Hermonthis, the ancient southern Heliopolis, was an important city and theological stronghold of the Theban region before it was supplanted by Thebes and Amun at the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. Despite the extensive destruction of the site, fieldwork carried out in recent years by the French archaeological mission (IFAO-CNRS-univ. Montpellier) has shed new light on the history of the temple of Montou-Ra, from the Old Kingdom to the Roman-Byzantine period.