Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive clinical procedure that is used to break up kidney stones into small fragments that the body can then excrete. When the stone is exposed to the tensile portion of the shock wave, cavitation bubbles form around it. In addition to the impact of the high-amplitude shock wave onto the stone, it is believed that the growth and violent collapse of these bubbles is one of the main mechanisms responsible for the fragmentation of the stone. However, since the onset of cavitation is caused by the shock wave, it is difficult to separate the effects of these two mechanisms in the comminution of kidney stones, and there is still no clear consensus on the exact role of cavitation in this regard. Nevertheless, this separation could be resolved by linking the fluid mechanics of the cavitation activity to the solid mechanics of the stone fragmentation. We propose to accomplish this by in-situ high-speed X-ray imaging of shock wave-stone interactions, complemented by post-impact microtomography of the stone to assess the location and evolution of damages. This paper highlights the challenges associated with this topic, presents the design of an experimental protocol to perform the measurements described above using a medical lithotripter at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in February 2024, and shows preliminary results.