Line-rate Botnet Detection with SmartNIC-Embedded Feature Extraction
Résumé
Botnets pose a significant threat in network security, exacerbated by the massive
adoption of vulnerable Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. In response to that, great
research effort has taken place to propose intrusion detection solutions to the botnet
menace. As most techniques focus on either packet or flow granularity, we believe that
port-based analysis could play an important role in detecting newly developed botnets,
especially during their early propagation phase. In this paper, we introduce a line rate
distributed anomaly detection system that employs NetFPGA Smart-Network Interface
Cards (SmartNIC) as programmable switches. Per-port feature extraction modules are
deployed directly on the data plane, enabling a centralized controller to periodically
retrieve collected metrics, and feed them to a botnet detection algorithm we refine from
the state of the art. We evaluate our system using real world traces spanning several
months from 2016 and 2023. We show how our solutions allow keeping low the
number of anomalies detected, retaining only the most relevant ones, thanks to the
distributed monitoring approach that helps to discriminate systemic changes from local
phenomena. Furthermore, we provide an analysis of the most significant alerts,
accounting for the limited ground-truth on the dataset.
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