Collagen and gelatin are two of the cardinal natural biopolymers used in the field of biomaterials and tissue engineering because of their excellent physico-chemical and biocompatibility properties. They can be used either in combination with other biomacromolecules or particles or even exclusively for the enhancement of bone regeneration or for the development of biomimetic scaffolds. The use of the electrospinning technology can convert collagen or gelatin derivatives into nanofibrous materials that exhibit porous micro-or nano-structures with good mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility features. Specific attention was recently paid to electrospun mats of such biopolymers, because of their high surface area-to-volume ratio, their biocompatibility, degradability and low immunogenic property. The resulting fiber mats with submicro-and nano-meter scale can simulate extracellular matrix structure of the human tissues, organs and can widely be used in the tissue engineering field, due to their excellent bio-affinity. The drawbacks may include rapid degradation, and complete dissolution in aqueous media, which seriously limits the use of gelatin/collagen electrospun nanofibers in this form for biomedicine. Therefore, these fibers need to be cross-linked for controlling their aqueous solubility. One such modification induces an improvement of the biological properties of the fibers, which made them highly suitable candidates for numerous biomedical applications. This review aims to present the important research pertaining to electrospinning of collagen and gelatin and their biomedical applications. The structure and performance of the electrospinning fiber mats which were manufactured from different solvents, electrospinning processes, and crosslinking methods are highlighted. Judiciously selected examples from literature will be presented to demonstrate major advantages of such biofibers. Current advances and challenges on this research field are also discussed.