Gender and Age Domination
Domination de genre et d'âge. Les hommes adolescents face aux violences sexuelles en France
Résumé
This presentation focuses on age and gender domination that occur within sexual violence situations, during adolescence. Quantitative analyses are based on the survey “VIRAGE”, which is a national survey on gender-based violence carried out in France in 2015 among 27,000 people (Hamel et al., 2016). I also have conducted sixty in-depth interviews with 50 men and 10 women (my doctoral research focuses on sexual violence against men), who had previously participated to VIRAGE survey. This poster focuses on the characteristics of sexual violence before the age of 18, especially during adolescence. Intersectionality between gender and age domination drives the analysis (Calasenti et Slevin, 2006 ; Crenshaw, 1991 ; Levy, 1988). First, I introduce the presentation by describing the context of sexual violence before 18 years old, according to gender but also regarding to age domination. Two groups emerged from this analysis: exposure to sexual violence between 0-11 years old (childhood) and between 12-17 years old (adolescence). As we will see, during childhood, sexual violence occurs within the family (or it close circle), principally by adult men; age and gender are linked: for two third of women (67.6%) but also for more than half of men (57.7%). After 11 years old, configurations of violence remain approximatively the same for women during teenagerhood, even if sexual violence in early relationships cannot be ruled out (23.4% of women report violence outside the family). Girls are socialised to stay at home, compared to boys who are socialised to stay more often outside from earlier ages. Moreover, during adolescence, men are principally assaulted outside the household. Almost three quarters (72.2%) report violence by non-adult perpetrators which are not family members. The data collected during the qualitative interviews highlight two contexts of violence: experiences of socialisation between men (especially before 15/16 years old) and during the beginning of sexual practices or relationships (heterosexual or bi men but also and more importantly for gay men). Therefore, this presentation end with analysing the role of sexual orientation (Coxell et King, 2002).