Unregulated lithium mining in Nigeria poses severe environmental and health risks akin to the historical devastation caused by oil extraction in the Niger Delta, where oil exploration activities led to oil spills and gas flaring, resulting in soil and water contamination, biodiversity loss, and public health crises. Similarly, lithium extraction depletes and contaminates water, exacerbating water scarcity and health issues. Hazardous by-products from lithium mining, such as heavy metals and toxic chemicals, often cause air pollution, environmental degradation, and severe respiratory and systemic health problems. To prevent a repeat of the catastrophic outcomes seen in the Niger Delta, stringent environmental regulations, comprehensive impact assessments, and community involvement are imperative. Establishing a specialized regulatory body and adopting best practices from established lithium mining countries can ensure the sustainable and safe exploitation of lithium resources.