Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurogenetic disease in which nearly half of children experienced reading deficits. Given their lifelong negative implication, the comprehension of the neurocognitive profile associated with these difficulties is essential. While the linguistic components have been widely explored, very few studies have investigated visual processing implications in NF1 children’s reading abilities. In this context, this systematic review aimed to examine the literature on visual-perceptual, visuo-attentional and oculomotor processing in NF1 children, and to investigate their possible impact on the learning-to-read process in NF1. Using PRISMA methodological guidelines, this review examined 49 studies that met the selection criteria. The results revealed that most studies report visuo-perceptual and visuo-attentional difficulties in children with NF1 and more specifically, in the visual processes known to be involved in reading deficits. Thus, this review provides a detailed discussion on the relationship between these unusual visual processes and the high prevalence of reading deficits in NF1 children.