Deep (thermo)dynamic alterations upon the water wetting on a solid
Résumé
At the liquid/solid interface, the liquid energy is different from that of the bulk due to the imbalance between
intermolecular and surface interactions. Similar to external fields such as electric, magnetic, or flow fields,
the vicinity of a solid surface can preclude the liquid molecules from relaxing to equilibrium. It is here
shown that this non-equilibrium state is also associated to the generation of located temperature gradients
in the liquid [1]. This unforeseen thermal effect; i.e. the co-existence of (non-Fourier) thermodynamic
states, supports the picture of a correlated liquid state [2] that may be related to a surface induced
molecular polarization [3]. We ask now the mirror question: does the wetting also impact the solid?
In a second part of the presentation, we probe the evolution of solid dynamics (atomic (phonon) vibrations)
upon wetting, using inelastic X-Ray scattering. We reported significant (>1meV) hardening of the phonons
modes of the solid (sapphire crystal) due to wetting for both transverse and longitudinal acoustic phonons
at a penetration depth of roughly 150 μm, thus well below the wetted surface [4].
These results may suggest a new definition of the liquid/solid interface as an extended intermediary zone
dynamically affected by the presence of the liquid, far beyond the usual interfacial considerations. In
essence, the results highlight a possible long range phonon liquid/solid coupling. This is in agreement with
the assumption that liquids can propagate shear waves as already suggested by the identification of shear
elasticity [2] and thermoelastic effects describable by the Biot theory coupling elasticity to temperature
changes [5, 6].