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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2021

High energy density lithium-battery anode materials based on graphite-silicon nanowire composites

Résumé

Silicon is a promising anode material for increasing energy density in lithium-ion batteries. In composite with graphite, the present dominant anode material, it allows to increase progressively the capacity of the anode by up to a factor of 10, and the overall energy density of the battery by up to 30%. However silicon has to be incorporated as a nanomaterial in the electrode to avoid fast decay due to pulverization while cycling. I will briefly review the forms of nano-silicon for lithium battery anodes, the challenges in synthesis and formulation, and the effect on performance in cycling. We recently grew a series of silicon nanoparticles and nanowires of different sizes, and cycled them in the same conditions [1]. I will present the result of this comparison, showing unexpected effects of size and shape of silicon on its electrochemical behavior in lithium batteries. Our team proposes a simple process of direct growth of silicon nanowires (SiNW) on graphite, containing up to 40wt.% Si. The interest of this compact, robust process will be discussed. This micropowder can directly enter in the slurry for the preparation of lithium battery anodes [2] following standard procedures. This material can be optimized for a specific capacity of 1000mAh/g, and holds more than 500 cycles at 2C (30 minute charge, 30 minute discharge). A large irreversible capacity loss is observed in the first cycle, as for many nanomaterials, but then the specific capacity retention is unusually high for silicon-rich anodes, and they can be incorporated in lithium-ion batteries vs NMC cathodes. I will finally address material-design issues to increase the performance of the material. In particular, I will discuss replacing gold by tin as the metallic catalysts required for SiNW growth, and possible means to reduce the irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle. [1] C. Keller et al., Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 307, 10.3390/nano11020307 [2] S. Karuppiah et al., ACS Nano 2020, 14, 12006, 10.1021/acsnano.0c05198

Domaines

Matériaux
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Dates et versions

hal-04602722 , version 1 (05-06-2024)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-04602722 , version 1

Citer

Pascale Chenevier. High energy density lithium-battery anode materials based on graphite-silicon nanowire composites. 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Material Chemistry ICRAMC, SRM Institute of science and Technology, Kattankulathur, campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Feb 2021, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. ⟨hal-04602722⟩
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