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Article Dans Une Revue Human Brain Mapping Année : 2024

Modeling the neurocognitive dynamics of language across the lifespan

Sophie Achard
Monica Baciu

Résumé

Healthy aging is associated with a heterogeneous decline across cognitive functions, typically observed between language comprehension and language production (LP). Examining resting‐state fMRI and neuropsychological data from 628 healthy adults (age 18–88) from the CamCAN cohort, we performed state‐of‐the‐art graph theoretical analysis to uncover the neural mechanisms underlying this variability. At the cognitive level, our findings suggest that LP is not an isolated function but is modulated throughout the lifespan by the extent of inter‐cognitive synergy between semantic and domain‐general processes. At the cerebral level, we show that default mode network (DMN) suppression coupled with fronto‐parietal network (FPN) integration is the way for the brain to compensate for the effects of dedifferentiation at a minimal cost, efficiently mitigating the age‐related decline in LP. Relatedly, reduced DMN suppression in midlife could compromise the ability to manage the cost of FPN integration. This may prompt older adults to adopt a more cost‐efficient compensatory strategy that maintains global homeostasis at the expense of LP performances. Taken together, we propose that midlife represents a critical neurocognitive juncture that signifies the onset of LP decline, as older adults gradually lose control over semantic representations. We summarize our findings in a novel synergistic, economical, nonlinear, emergent, cognitive aging model, integrating connectomic and cognitive dimensions within a complex system perspective.
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hal-04575408 , version 1 (14-05-2024)

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Clément Guichet, Sonja Banjac, Sophie Achard, Martial Mermillod, Monica Baciu. Modeling the neurocognitive dynamics of language across the lifespan. Human Brain Mapping, 2024, 45 (5), pp.e26650. ⟨10.1002/hbm.26650⟩. ⟨hal-04575408⟩
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