Applicative and Causative Syncretism in Sinitic languages: A crosslinguistic view - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2023

Applicative and Causative Syncretism in Sinitic languages: A crosslinguistic view

Résumé

从跨语言视角看汉语施用结构与致使结构的类并 曹茜蕾 香港中文大学 与 法国社会科学高等研究院  许多北方官话和晋方言用同一个动词附缀标记施用和致使,该附缀与标准普通话中的动词「给」同源。本¬¬研究旨在探讨这些同形的施用附缀和致使附缀之间的关系。我们采用Creissels (即将出版) 提出的广义施用化(applicativization)定义,即在给定的句法语境中,指称对象,也就是“施用名词”(applied noun),被提升或添加为句子的论元。 在标准普通话中,「动词=kei0」结构的使用主要限于转移动词以及某些特殊的动词类别,这些动词一旦被用于该结构,就可以表达向接受者或受益者转移的含义, 包括 「卖」, 「扔」, 「写」等。 与此相反,在中国西北地区,许多兰银官话或中原官话,以及某些晋方言 展示了 「动-给」结构的显著扩展,包括 「唱」、「扫」、「刻」 等一大批本身不涉及任何「转移」义的意志动词都能用于该结构。 下面以甘肃兰州话的受益论元为例: (1) 甘肃兰州话 老师傅 给我刻给个章子。 (贾莹2016:164) (老师傅为我刻了一个印章。) 对于其中某些方言,这种现象已得到相当充分的记录。然而,研究较少的是,在其中几种方言中,同一个施用标记又进一步在构成致使结构时发挥了重要作用,例如甘沟话 中的「kei」(赵绿原2021, 即将出版)。 这种类并与一些南岛语 (Hemmings 2017) 和南美语言 (Guillaume & Rose 2004) 独立报告的类似句法-功能配对惊人地相似。 此外,动词类别二分法在澳大利亚语言中使用及物化词缀中得到呼应,这些词缀增加配价以产生致使或施用结构(Austin 1997,McGregor 1998)。 因此,鉴于关于变化方向的争论:致使 > 施用或施用 > 致使关系,我演讲的主要部分将研究致使和施用形态之间的历时关系问题。 APPLICATIVE AND CAUSATIVE SYNCRETISM IN SINITIC LANGUAGES: A CROSSLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE Hilary Chappell Chinese University of Hong Kong & École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris This analysis considers the relation between identical applicative and causative enclitics found in many Northern Sinitic languages of both the Mandarin and Jin dialect groups, cognate with Standard Mandarin [=kei0< ‘give’]. The broad definition of applicativization proposed by Creissels (forthc.) is adopted whereby a referent in a given syntactic context, the “applied noun”, is either promoted or added as an argument of the clause. In Standard Chinese, the use of the Verb=kei construction is mainly restricted to verbs of transfer as well as certain verb classes that can be construed as expressing a transfer in the direction of a recipient or beneficiary, once they are used in this construction, including mài 卖 ‘sell’, rēng扔‘toss’, xiě写 ‘write’. In contradistinction to this, in Northwestern China, many Lan-Yin and Central Plains subgroups, as well as certain of the Jin dialects, show a remarkable extension of Verb=give to a much larger group of volitional verbs that do not inherently involve any kind of transfer in their meaning, including ‘sing’, ‘sweep, ‘engrave’ and so on. Below is one such example of a benefactive applicative from the Lanzhou dialect, Gansu: (1)Lanzhou Mandarin, Gansu (兰州话,甘肃) lɔ44ʂʅ53fu kɯ13vɤ44kʻɤ13=kɯkɤ13tʂɔŋ53tsɿ. oldmaster TO applicative or applicative > causative. REFERENCES Austin, Peter. 1997. Causative and applicative constructions in Australian aboriginal languages. In Matsumura, Kazuo and Hayasi, Tooru (eds.), The dative and related phenomena. Tokyo: Hitsuji Shobo, 165-225. Chappell, Hilary. Forthcoming. Syncretism of applicative and causative markers in Northern Sinitic languages. In Dao, Huy-Linh, Danh-Thành Do-Hurinville & Daniel Petit (eds.) L’applicatif dans les langues: Regard typologique. Paris: Editions de la Société linguistique de Paris, 225-257. Creissels, Denis. Forthcoming. Transitivity, valence, and voice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McGregor, William. 1998. Applicative constructions in Warrwa, in Anna Siewierska & Jae Jung Song (eds.), Case, typology and grammar, in honor of Barry J. Blake, Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 171-199. Guillaume, Antoine & Françoise Rose. 2010. Sociative causative markers in South American languages: a possible areal feature. In: Franck Floricic (ed.), Essais de typologie et de linguistique générale. Mélanges offerts à Denis Creissels. Lyon: ENS Editions. Hemmings, Charlotte. 2017. « Causatives and Applicatives: The Case for Polysemy in Javanese ». SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 16: 167 94. Jia Ying 贾 莹. 2017. Lanzhou fangyan yufa yanjiu《兰州方言语法研究》(Research on Lanzhou grammar). Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Publishers. Zhao, Lüyuan 赵绿原. 2019. Qinghai Minhe Gangou-hua de zhishi jiegou 青海民和甘沟话的致使结构 (Causative constructions in the Gangou dialect of Minhe, Qinghai). Zhongguo Yuwen 2.389: 215-230. Zhao, Lüyuan 赵绿原. Forthc. Qinghai Gangouhua you “gei” biaoji de zengbing jiegou jiqi kuozhan jiegou 青海期甘沟话由“给” 标记的曾兵结构及其扩展结构 (The applicative constructions and relevant constructions marked by “gei” of the Gangou dialect in Qinghai province.)
final Applicatives in Sinitic 30 Nov (1).pdf (13.01 Mo) Télécharger le fichier

Dates et versions

hal-04544159 , version 1 (12-04-2024)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-04544159 , version 1

Citer

Hilary Chappell. Applicative and Causative Syncretism in Sinitic languages: A crosslinguistic view. Institute of Zhang-Huang Academic Theories, Beijing Languages and Cultures University, Nov 2023, Beijing, China. ⟨hal-04544159⟩
0 Consultations
1 Téléchargements

Partager

Gmail Facebook X LinkedIn More