Abstract Both respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) and inspiratory resistive training (IMT) seem to increase whole-body exercise performance, but direct comparisons between the two are scarce. We hypothesized that the similarity of RMET to exercise-induced ventilation would induce larger improvements compared to IMT. Twenty-six moderately-trained men performed either 4 weeks of RMET, IMT or SHAM training. Before and after the interventions, respiratory muscle endurance, 3-km running time-trial performance and leg muscle fatigue after intense constant-load cycling (assessed with femoral nerve magnetic stimulation) were measured. Both RMET (+ 59%) and IMT (+ 38%) increased respiratory muscle endurance (both p < 0.01 vs. SHAM) but only IMT increased inspiratory strength (+ 32%, p < 0.001 vs. SHAM). 3-km time improved showing a main effect of training ( p = 0.026), however with no differences between groups. Leg fatigue after cycling was not attenuated with training ( p = 0.088 for group-training interaction). All groups showed a significant (~ 0.3 l) increase in average tidal volume during cycling exercise combined with a concomitant reduction in respiratory exertion. While RMET and IMT improved specific aspects of respiratory muscles performance, no benefits beyond SHAM were seen during whole-body exercise. Changes in respiratory sensations might be a result of altered breathing pattern.