Xanthurenic acid: A role in brain intercellular signaling
Résumé
Abstract Xanthurenic acid (XA) raises a growing multidisciplinary interest based upon its oxidizing properties, its ability to complex certain metal ions, and its detoxifier capacity of 3‐hydroxykynurenine (3‐HK), its brain precursor. However, little is still known about the role and mechanisms of action of XA in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, many research groups have recently investigated XA and its central functions extensively. The present paper critically reviews and discusses all major data related to XA properties and neuronal activities to contribute to the improvement of the current knowledge on XA's central roles and mechanisms of action. In particular, our data showed the existence of a specific G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) for XA localized exclusively in brain neurons exhibiting Ca 2+ ‐dependent dendritic release and specific electrophysiological responses. XA properties and central activities suggest a role for this compound in brain intercellular signaling. Indeed, XA stimulates cerebral dopamine (DA) release contrary to its structural analog, kynurenic acid (KYNA). Thus, KYNA/XA ratio could be fundamental in the regulation of brain glutamate and DA release. Cerebral XA may also represent an homeostatic signal between the periphery and several brain regions where XA accumulates easily after peripheral administration. Therefore, XA status in certain psychoses or neurodegenerative diseases seems to be reinforced by its brain‐specific properties in balance with its formation and peripheral inputs.
Mots clés
FICZ
6-formylindolo-carbazole
GC-MS
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
GPCR
G-protein-coupled receptor
GTP
aryl hydrocarbon receptor BBB
blood-brain barrier CNS
central nervous system CSF
cerebrospinal fluid DA
dopamine EPSP
excitatory postsynaptic potential FICZ
6-formylindolo-carbazole GC-MS
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GPCR
G-protein-coupled receptor GTP
guanosine-5′- dopamine
glutamate
neurodegeneration
neuropsychiatric diseases
neurotransmission
xanthurenic acid
aryl hydrocarbon receptor
BBB
blood-brain barrier
CNS
central nervous system
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
DA
dopamine
EPSP
excitatory postsynaptic potential
Domaines
Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]
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Journal of Neurochemistry - 2024 - Maitre - Xanthurenic acid A role in brain intercellular signaling.pdf (2.09 Mo)
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Origine : Publication financée par une institution