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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2023

Spray drift measurements in 3D crops using several collection methods. Evaluation of different spraying scenarios in the French context

Résumé

In Europe, the assessment of PPP for their registration takes into account the risks of bystander exposure to spray drift by including safety distances. As a result, a significant proportion of agricultural land can no longer receive PPP treatments, which has a significant economic impact. To determine the width of safety distances, the risk assessments are made according to EFSA guidance (2014) that considers a drift reduction of maximum 50%. In this context, several European projects have studied the performance of various means of reducing drift (OBO Netherlands, PROPULPPP Belgium).The question is whether there are any means to reduce these distances without degrading, or even improving, the protection of bystanders and residents against the risks of exposure to PPP.For this purpose, in the French context, several measurements of drift levels observed in different phytosanitary treatment scenarios, including different spray application techniques and physical barriers for drift mitigation (hedges and nets), have been carried out.The methodology used for drift measurement was based on simultaneous measurement of sedimentary drift, airborne drift and dermal exposure. This methodology was developed in consultation with ANSES (French risk assessment agency) and described in IAPA 2022 (Verpont et al., 2022). Sulfo-Rhodamine B was used as tracer. Sedimentary drift was measured using 5 lines of Petri dishes 14cm in diameter set at 2, 3, 5, 10 and 20m from the last sprayed row. Airborne drift was measured using horizontal wires of 2mm diameter and 7m long. Wires were arranged every 50 cm high up to 6 and 12m high respectively for vineyard and orchard trials. The collection device was set at 5m from the last sprayed row. Dermal exposure was measured using cotton long sleeved tee-shirt worn by manikins as collectors. 1 and3 manikins per distance (3, 5, 10 and 20m) were set respectively for vineyards and orchards.Wind conditions complied with the requirements of the standard ISO 22866 : 2006.Orchard tests were made in field conditions, on an adult apple orchard (4 m high, mid or full stage vegetation, row spacing 4 m). Vineyard tests were made in artificial conditions using the “EoleDrift” test bed, including artificial vegetation and a wind generator. The tests were carried out using vegetation that mimicked an early growth (BBCH 53). The row spacing was 2.5 m.For viticulture tests, some tests scenarios included a 2.5 m high laurel (Laurus nobilis) hedge using potted plants located at 2m from the last sprayed row. For orchard tests, some tests scenarios included a 4 m high net (Alt’dérive net) positioned 4m from the last row and deployed over the entire 60-metre length of the orchard. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDrift reduction rates from the reference scenario for each scenario of spraying and each drift collection method are represented in Fig. 1 & 2 below respectively dedicated to vineyard and orchard contexts. For sedimentary drift and dermal exposure, average deposition from 3 to 20 m from the last sprayed row was considered. For airborne drift, deposits over the entire height of the collection plan were considered. This work confirms that there are spraying techniques that significantly reduce spray drift compared to the most common practices. Several scenarios make it possible to obtain drift reductions significantly higher than 50% which is the only reduction rate considered by EFSA guidance (2014).Independent from the spraying scenario, a strong correlation between the three drift collection methods has been observed. This opens up the prospect of further work aimed at simplifying measurement protocols. REFERENCES Verpont, F., Hudebine, Y., Perriot, B., Verges, A., Douzals, JP., Bedos, C., Grimbuhler, S., Sellam, M. How to conciliate application of plant protection products and protection of bystanders -CAPRIV: a French collaborative project. International advances in pesticides application, Aspects of applied biology 147, 2022
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hal-04472420 , version 1 (22-02-2024)

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  • HAL Id : hal-04472420 , version 1

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Adrien Verges, Florence Verpont, Jean Paul Douzals, Yoan Hudebine, Sébastien Codis, et al.. Spray drift measurements in 3D crops using several collection methods. Evaluation of different spraying scenarios in the French context. The 16th SUPROFRUIT Workshop, INRAE, Sep 2023, Montpellier, France. ⟨hal-04472420⟩
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