Résidence intergénérationnelle et solidaire. Attentes et attitudes envers un projet d’habitat groupé intergénérationnel dans l’agglomération de Saint-Lô [Résumé exécutif] - Archive ouverte HAL
Rapport Année : 2024

Intergenerational and Solidarity Residence. Expectations and Attitudes Towards an Intergenerational Cohousing Project in the Saint-Lô Urban Area

Résidence intergénérationnelle et solidaire. Attentes et attitudes envers un projet d’habitat groupé intergénérationnel dans l’agglomération de Saint-Lô [Résumé exécutif]

Résumé

The Normandy delegation of LADAPT has partnered with the Saint-Lô Municipality and Manche Habitat to lead a project for the construction and opening of an intergenerational and solidarity residence in the city of Saint-Lô by the first semester of 2025. To successfully carry out this project, LADAPT Normandy wished to conduct a scientific research on the attitudes of various profiles of individuals likely to integrate into this residence, towards the ideological and practical foundations of intergenerational cohousing.

In other words, what do prospective residents expect from their neighbors, and what are they willing to contribute in return in terms of solidarity and intergenerational support? What are the profiles of individuals most likely to embrace the proposed housing model? What adjustments can be made prior to the residence's opening to foster a dynamic of mutual aid and participation in this citizen project within the residence?

Method
To address these questions, a multidisciplinary research team, involving three teacher-researchers, conducted a survey targeting relevant demographics, including young workers, individuals in training, single parents, people with disabilities, and the elderly residing, working, or studying in the city of Saint-Lô and its metropolitan area. Additionally, viewpoints were collected from certain administrators of institutions catering to, supporting, training, or providing services to these diverse demographics.

Specifically, a questionnaire survey was conducted between August and October 2022 among 199 respondents, including young workers (20.0%), individuals in training (49.5%), single parents (11.0%), people with disabilities (14.0%), and the elderly (11.0%), as well as 22 members of management teams from the solicited institutions. Additionally, exploratory interviews were conducted with six administrators to further delve into certain findings.

Key Findings
Analyses indicate that the interest in integrating into housing within this intergenerational and solidarity residence may be partly linked to the diversity of anticipated benefits (e.g., energy or rent savings, low neighborhood noise pollution, central city location, ease of access to transportation, green spaces), which vary among the surveyed profiles and even within the same profile, depending on whether they are interested in a lease within this residence. For example, single parents interested in the residence are drawn to its family-friendly environment and children's well-being: proximity to daycare centers, schools, higher education institutions, green spaces, and rapid access to public transportation. The significant and diversified number of aspects perceived as appealing in this residence's offer is unifying for all five surveyed profiles, as each finds their own interest catered to. Less than one-third of respondents among young workers, individuals in training, and single parents perceive access to this residence as a temporary solution, whereas people with disabilities and the elderly envision long-term housing prospects.

Among those interested in this intergenerational residence, the elderly and those with disabilities express a strong desire for housing that allows them to maintain or gain autonomy in an individual apartment (83.3% and 92.3%, respectively), as well as a desire to engage in conversations with people different from themselves (77.8% and 76.9%, respectively), to avoid feeling isolated (77.8% and 84.6%, respectively). For young workers (69.9%), individuals in training (66.7%), or those with disabilities (76.9%), the solidarity aimed for by this residential project is seen as an opportunity to feel useful to others.

The respondents, regardless of their profile, overwhelmingly declare readiness to engage weekly in the following "activities": a) walking in the park, with rates ranging from 56.7% among individuals in training to 91.7% among single parents (Weighted average = 77.6%), b) distributing and receiving mail from a neighbor, with rates ranging from 68.8% among individuals with disabilities to 76.9% among young workers and the elderly (Weighted average = 74.1%), and c) ensuring vigilance in the neighborhood, with rates ranging from 44.4% among individuals with disabilities to 92.9% among the elderly (Weighted average = 73.9%).

The five surveyed profiles show little difference in terms of willingness to participate in: (a) distributing and receiving mail from a neighbor (Weighted average = 74.1%), (b) weekly assistance with small household tasks such as cleaning, cooking, or DIY (Weighted average = 46.1%), and (c) accompanying neighbors on cultural or recreational outings (Weighted average = 27.5%). Conversely, the most pronounced discrepancies between profiles concern neighborhood vigilance, where individuals with disabilities (44.4%) have a particularly low rate compared to other profiles, with rates of 64.3% for young workers, 76.1% for individuals in training, 91.7% for single parents, and 92.9% for the elderly. To a lesser extent, individuals with disabilities (33.3%) are less likely to participate in tutoring their young neighbors compared to other profiles, particularly young workers, of whom 69.2% express a desire to do so. Individuals in training (56.7%) are also less willing to walk with their neighbors in the park at least once a week. Finally, while 69.2% of the elderly express a desire to participate in activities offered in common areas, only 34.3% of individuals in training and 41.7% of single parents plan to do so.

Overall, it emerges that weekly needs and expectations are much lower than the willingness to engage with neighbors, which visualizes the solidarity and exchange dynamic among neighbors in this future residence. Among the identified needs, the desire for companionship to chat and spend time is particularly strong among individuals with disabilities (60.0%) and young workers (53.8%). Secondly, the desire to participate in activities offered in common areas is somewhat mixed, with rates ranging from 27.7% among individuals in training to 61.5% among the elderly (Weighted average = 37.3%), as is the willingness to help with small household tasks (cleaning, cooking, or DIY), with rates ranging from 21.5% among individuals in training to 53.3% among individuals with disabilities (Weighted average = 33.8%).

Of the 22 structure administrators who responded to the survey, 18 expressed their opinion on the interest of housing in an intergenerational and solidarity residence for the people they serve, support, train, or benefit from their services. Among them, six indicated that this housing offer was not suitable for their clientele (primarily consisting of dependent elderly people). The theme of loss/lack of autonomy was repeatedly mentioned to justify their response.
Contexte général et objectifs de l’étude
La délégation normande de LADAPT s’est associée en partenariat avec la Mairie de Saint-Lô et Manche Habitat pour porter un projet de construction et d’ouverture d’une résidence intergénérationnelle et solidaire dans la ville de Saint-Lô à l’horizon du premier semestre 2025. Pour mener à bien ce projet, LADAPT Normandie a souhaité conduire une recherche scientifique sur les attitudes, des différents profils de personnes susceptibles d’intégrer cette résidence, envers les fondements idéologiques et praxéologiques de l’habitat groupé intergénérationnel. En d’autres termes, qu’attendent de leurs voisin.e.s, les personnes susceptibles d’intégrer cette résidence et que sont-elles prêtes à faire en retour dans une démarche de solidarité et d’entraide intergénérationnelle ? Quels sont les profils des personnes les plus susceptibles d’adhérer au modèle d’habitat proposé ? Quels sont les ajustements, en amont de l’ouverture de la résidence, qu’il est possible de faire, pour qu’une dynamique d’entraide et de participation à ce projet citoyen, puisse naître et perdurer, au sein de cette résidence ?

Méthode
Pour répondre à ces questions, une équipe de recherche pluridisciplinaire, mobilisant trois enseignant(e).s – chercheur(e)s a réalisé une enquête à destination des publics concernés, comprenant des jeunes travailleurs ou travailleuses, des personnes en formation, des parents isolés, des personnes en situation de handicap et des personnes âgées qui habitent, travaillent ou étudient dans la ville de Saint-Lô et dans son agglomération. Elle a également recueilli les points de vue de certains responsables des structures qui accueillent, accompagnent, forment ou proposent des services à ces différents publics.
Plus spécifiquement, une enquête par questionnaire a été menée entre août et octobre 2022 auprès de 199 personnes comprenant des jeunes travailleurs ou travailleuses (20.0%), des personnes en formation (49.5%), des parents isolés (11.0%), des personnes en situation de handicap (14.0%) et des personnes âgées (11.0%) et auprès de 22 membres des équipes de direction des structures sollicitées. Par ailleurs, des entretiens exploratoires ont pu également été menés auprès de six responsables afin d’approfondir certains résultats.]

Principaux résultats
[...]
Sur les 22 responsables de structure qui ont répondu à l’enquête, 18 se sont prononcé.e.s sur l’intérêt d’un logement dans une résidence intergénérationnelle et solidaire pour les personnes qu’elles accueillent, accompagnent, forment ou bénéficient de leurs services. Parmi elles, six ont indiqué que cette offre de logement n’était pas adaptée à leur public (constitué majoritairement de personnes âgées dépendantes). La thématique de la perte/absence d’autonomie était évoquée à plusieurs reprises pour justifier leur réponse.

Recommandations
S’appuyant sur la revue de la littérature et les résultats de notre étude, huit grandes recommandations concernant la mise en œuvre de ce projet de résidence intergénérationnelle et solidaire dans la ville de Saint-Lô ont pu être proposées.
[...]
VF [LADAPT] Habitat intergénérationnel et solidaire - Résumé exécutif - Novembre 2022.pdf (253.76 Ko) Télécharger le fichier

Dates et versions

hal-04454972 , version 1 (13-02-2024)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-04454972 , version 1

Citer

Nicolas Guirimand, Laurent Sovet, Kimberley Brioux. Résidence intergénérationnelle et solidaire. Attentes et attitudes envers un projet d’habitat groupé intergénérationnel dans l’agglomération de Saint-Lô [Résumé exécutif]. LADAPT. 2024, 6 p. ⟨hal-04454972⟩
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