Lithiation heterogeneities in full cells by combined neutron and synchrotron scattering techniques
Résumé
Operando characterization techniques are key to understand the electrochemical processes that dictate battery
performance and the concomitant materials transformations during cycling. In particular, synchrotron and neutron
techniques are increasingly employed as they provide unique insights into the chemical, morphological and
structural properties inside electrodes and electrolytes across multiple length scales with, potentially, high
time/spatial resolutions. Horse techniques such as XRD/NPD, as well as advanced methods such as coherent
bragg imaging or ptychography, are constantly developed to better characterize the structure of crystalline battery
materials e.g. phase transitions, strain, defects, etc… - extending the experimental limits towards high fidelity and
high resolution data. However, the usual rules at Large Scale Facilities is to perform stand-alone experiments
providing one type of information at one scale, therefore leading to a fragmented knowledge. Bridging scales and
heterogeneous datasets is a challenge that require correlative data acquisition and analysis integrated in
multimodal multi-techniques workflows, an approach that is still in its infancy [1]. In this talk, we will present
combined and/or coupled operando experiments performed on full batteries of different types, using both neutrons
& X-rays, and/or both atomic scale and nanoscale techniques, including scattering computed tomography. We will
focus on lithiation heterogeneities at the scale of electrodes, in the depth and/or in 3D, revealed in different types of
materials as hierarchical composite anodes based on silicon nanodomains [2] or silicon nanowires [3], and layered
intercalation compounds such as LNO [4].
References
[1] Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 2102694. D. Atkins, E. Capria, K. Edström, T. Famprikis, A. Grimaud, Q.
Jacquet, M. Johnson, A. Matic, P. Norby, H. Reichert, J-P. Rueff, C. Villevieille, M. Wagemaker*, S. Lyonnard*.
Accelerating Battery Characterization Using Neutron and Synchrotron Techniques: Toward a Multi-Modal and
Multi-Scale Standardized Experimental Workflow. DOI:10.1002/aenm.2021026944]
[2] C. Berhaut et al, ACS Nano (2019), 13, 10, 11538-11551 ; C. Berhaut et al, Energy Storage Materials (2020), 29
190-197 ; M. Mirolo et al, in preparation.
[3] C. Keller et al, in preparation
[4] Q. Jacquet et al, in preparation