Greenhouse gas emissions and their trends over the last 3 decades across Africa
Résumé
A key goal of the Paris Agreement (PA) is to reach net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 globally, which requires mitigation efforts from all countries. Africa's rapidly growing population and gross domestic product (GDP) make this continent important for GHG emission trends. In this paper, we study the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in Africa over 3 decades (1990-2018). We compare bottom-up (BU) approaches, including United Nations Convention Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) national inventories, FAO, PRIMAP-hist, process-based ecosystem models for CO 2 fluxes in the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector and global atmospheric inversions. For inversions, we applied different methods to separate anthropogenic CH 4 emissions. The BU inventories show that, over the decade 2010-2018, fewer than 10 countries represented more than 75 % of African fossil CO 2 emissions. With a mean of 1373 Mt CO 2 yr-1 , total African fossil CO 2 emissions over 2010-2018 represent only 4 % of global fossil emissions. However, these emissions grew by +34 % from 1990-1999 to 2000-2009 and by +31 % from 2000-2009 to 2010-2018, which represents more than a doubling in 30 years. This growth rate is more than 2 times faster than the global growth rate of fossil CO 2 emissions. The anthropogenic emissions of CH 4
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