Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus shedding and lymphopenia are hallmarks of COVID-19 in cancer patients with poor prognosis - Archive ouverte HAL
Article Dans Une Revue Cell Death and Differentiation Année : 2021

Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus shedding and lymphopenia are hallmarks of COVID-19 in cancer patients with poor prognosis

Damien Drubay
  • Fonction : Auteur
Lea Touri
  • Fonction : Auteur
Michaela Fontenay
  • Fonction : Auteur
Markus Maeurer
  • Fonction : Auteur
Oliver Kepp
Lydia Meziani
  • Fonction : Auteur
Nadia Saïdani
  • Fonction : Auteur
Bernard La Scola
  • Fonction : Auteur
Stéphanie Gentile
  • Fonction : Auteur
Sébastien Cortaredona
Giuseppe Ippolito
Benjamin Lelouvier
  • Fonction : Auteur
Alain Roulet
  • Fonction : Auteur
Florent Ginhoux
Suzanne Kazandjian
  • Fonction : Auteur
Arielle Elkrief
  • Fonction : Auteur
Bertrand Routy
  • Fonction : Auteur
Makoto Miyara
  • Fonction : Auteur
Guy Gorochov
  • Fonction : Auteur
Souad Assaad
  • Fonction : Auteur
Guido Kroemer
Jean-Yves Blay

Résumé

Abstract Patients with cancer are at higher risk of severe coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the mechanisms underlying virus–host interactions during cancer therapies remain elusive. When comparing nasopharyngeal swabs from cancer and noncancer patients for RT-qPCR cycle thresholds measuring acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 1063 patients (58% with cancer), we found that malignant disease favors the magnitude and duration of viral RNA shedding concomitant with prolonged serum elevations of type 1 IFN that anticorrelated with anti-RBD IgG antibodies. Cancer patients with a prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection exhibited the typical immunopathology of severe COVID-19 at the early phase of infection including circulation of immature neutrophils, depletion of nonconventional monocytes, and a general lymphopenia that, however, was accompanied by a rise in plasmablasts, activated follicular T-helper cells, and non-naive Granzyme B + FasL + , Eomes high TCF-1 high , PD-1 + CD8 + Tc1 cells. Virus-induced lymphopenia worsened cancer-associated lymphocyte loss, and low lymphocyte counts correlated with chronic SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding, COVID-19 severity, and a higher risk of cancer-related death in the first and second surge of the pandemic. Lymphocyte loss correlated with significant changes in metabolites from the polyamine and biliary salt pathways as well as increased blood DNA from Enterobacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae gut family members in long-term viral carriers. We surmise that cancer therapies may exacerbate the paradoxical association between lymphopenia and COVID-19-related immunopathology, and that the prevention of COVID-19-induced lymphocyte loss may reduce cancer-associated death.

Dates et versions

hal-04438553 , version 1 (05-02-2024)

Identifiants

Citer

Anne-Gaëlle Goubet, Agathe Dubuisson, Arthur Geraud, François-Xavier Danlos, Safae Terrisse, et al.. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus shedding and lymphopenia are hallmarks of COVID-19 in cancer patients with poor prognosis. Cell Death and Differentiation, 2021, 28 (12), pp.3297-3315. ⟨10.1038/s41418-021-00817-9⟩. ⟨hal-04438553⟩
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