Owing to its antiresorptive properties, zoledronic acid (ZOL) is commonly used in the management of benign as well as malignant bone diseases. This molecule targets sites where bone is actively remodeling, and high concentrations have been reported in the jaw. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment of male rats with ZOL, at a dosage equivalent to that used for antitumor treatment, impacts the short‐term qualitative properties of mandibular bone independent of bone remodeling. Thirty rats were randomly assigned to treatment either with ZOL or with serum‐vehicle (control) (weekly injections: 100 μ g kg −1 for 6 wk, n = 15 per group). Using the tetracycline double‐labeling technique, remodeled bone areas, corresponding to the preferential site of bisphosphonate binding, were found in the alveolar bone along the alveolar bone proper. The composition of bone in these areas was characterized using Raman microspectroscopy and compared with adjacent, non‐remodeled, older bone. The ZOL‐treated group exhibited higher crystallinity in the remodeled bone areas (+2%), reflecting an early maturation of the apatite mineral after ZOL injection. Our findings highlight a direct and rapid effect of clinically relevant anti‐tumoral ZOL doses on the qualitative properties of mandibular bone, especially on mineral crystallinity in the vicinity of the teeth, namely, the alveolar bone proper.