A measurement system for performing measurement by Brillouin scattering analysis, the system comprising a laser emitter device (10) configured to emit an incident wave (ν0) and a reference wave (ν0−νB), the incident wave presenting an incident frequency (ν0) and the reference wave presenting a reference frequency (ν0−νB), the reference frequency (ν0−νB) being shifted from the incident frequency (ν0) by a predetermined value (νB). The system is configured to: project the incident wave (ν0) into the optical fiber (25); receive in return a backscattered wave (ν0−νS); generate a composite wave (ν0-S, 0-B) combining the backscattered wave (ν0−νS) and the reference wave (S0−νB); and determine at least one property relating to the fiber by analyzing a Brillouin spectrum of the composite wave (ν0-S, 0-B). Advantageously, the incident wave and the reference wave come from a dual-frequency vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser source (12) forming part of the laser emitter device.