Historical information on earthquakes is important and useful data in the earthquake prediction process and in determining the seismicity of an area. The Arab-Islamic heritage sources constitute a very important reference for such data. The seismic events which this article refers to, cover a period from November 885 until January 1409. These events are cited in historical sources covering a period from the first half of the 12 Century to the beginning of the 16th century of the Christian era. The geographic, historical and literary sources, constituting the Arab-Islamic heritage that refers to earthquakes, cover a longer period, ranging from the very beginning of the 8th century, until the end of the 18th century. In this article, we have focused on a variety of scientific heritage sources (books and letters in the natural sciences, travel books, a number of historical sources), which deal with earthquakes in the Mediterranean basin (especially in its eastern part). In addition to the definition and description of the phenomenon, these sources refer to many features of the earthquakes as their causes, types, intensity, strength, extension, material damage and human casualties; their recurrence and duration; As well as the phenomena associated with them, such as natural effects (such as tidal waves or tsunami) and impacts on the landform. Finally, it is important to note, contrary to what many historians of science think, that the Arab-Islamic civilization clearly contributed to the development of seismological thought. Arab-Muslim scholars have defined earthquakes and described them appropriately. They also tried to understand the phenomenon and to offer scientific explanations to it, far from the mysterious and mythical interpretations that prevailed in many parts of the world, in early and high medieval period.