Latent class analysis of distance learning arrangements in secondary mathematics education during COVID-19
Résumé
Teaching and learning practices used synchronous and asynchronous methods during distance learning due to COVID-19. In this study, latent class analysis was used to identify different distance learning arrangement classes in Finnish upper secondary schools (n = 18). These arrangements were examined from the students’ (n = 552) perspective, taking into account communication, independent work, and technology utilization. The results supported a 3-class model. The two largest classes were characterized by active (class 2) and moderately active (class 3) use of diverse and interactive distance learning arrangements. These classes were followed by a class of mainly independent and passive distance learning (class 1). This study provides exploratory results of distance learning arrangement categories and adds to the understanding of students’ perspective in the implementation of distance learning during the pandemic.
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