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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2021

PM2.5 in two urban industrial sites in the East Mediterranean : chemical characterization and health risk assessment for metals

Résumé

Particulate matter (PM) pollution originates from different human-made activities as well as from natural sources and studies showed a major impact on human health depending on the size and the chemical composition. Lebanon, a Middle Eastern Mediterranean country, with a population of more than 6 million in the last few years, faces some important pollution events with episodical long range transport of desert dust, and important sources like road traffic, diesel generators, power generation, and industrial sources, etc.. PM2.5 samples were collected for a year in two urban sites under industrial influence in Lebanon: Zouk Mikael region (ZK) and Fiaa region (FA). ZK is characterized by the biggest power plant in the country which runs on heavy fuel oil, a high density of population along with a high number of diesel private generators and dense traffic. FA is surrounded by chemical industries of which cement plants along with their corresponding quarries and power plants, and a sulfuric acid and phosphate fertilizer industry. Average PM2.5 concentrations at ZK (33.6 μg/m3) and FA (26.1 μg/m3) exceeded approximately three times the WHO standard of 10 μg/m3. The PM2.5 samples were analysed for the carbonaceous fraction including organics speciation, metals, and water-soluble ions. OC and EC average mass concentrations in PM2.5 were 4.6 and 1.3 μg/m3 at ZK, and 1.3 and 0.5 μg/m3 at FA, respectively. Water soluble ions (Cl- , NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) contributed to PM2.5 by 39% at ZK and 49% FA. Furthermore, the concentration ratios of different metals were used as fingerprints for emissions from different sources. The crustal enrichment factors (EF) were calculated using Ti as a reference to identify sources of metals. A mass closure was performed and allowed the quantitative analysis of the different components observed at ZK and FA, respectively: secondary inorganic aerosols (34%-43%), dust (27%-27%), organic matter (22%,20%), marine aerosols (6%-3%), and elemental carbon (4%-2%). Finally, a health risk assessment study was done for metals in order to evaluate the impact of exposure to these compounds on human health. Arsenic and chromium (VI) were significant contributors to the cancer risk at both sites for children and adults while vanadium recorded values higher than the threshold limit for children, adolescents, and adults.
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Dates et versions

hal-04388086 , version 1 (11-01-2024)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-04388086 , version 1

Citer

Marc Fadel, Charbel Afif, Marianne Seigneur, Adib Kfoury, Konstantina Oikonomou, et al.. PM2.5 in two urban industrial sites in the East Mediterranean : chemical characterization and health risk assessment for metals. Chemistry of the Whole Environment Research, Royal Society of Chemistry, Jun 2021, London, United Kingdom. ⟨hal-04388086⟩
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