Wood represents a major class of versatile materials in mechanics, comparable to metals on various criteria such as annual world production tonnage. The density of wood is 3 to 15 times lower than that of metals, due to its cellular structure, whose walls are essentially made up of layers of long-fiber nano-composites. This makes wood one of the most efficient materials for many applications. However, the knowledge of the transverse (ER radial modulus and ET tangential modulus) and shear (GRT, GLT and GLR) elastic properties of this orthotropic, heterogeneous, hygroscopic and variable material are still limited due to a lack of rapid and efficient characterization tools and methods. Currently, the existing technical data in databases are incomplete for material selection since, generally, only the longitudinal elastic modulus is available, whereas the other elastic properties are essential for high-end and high-performance applications. The aims of this study are: to rapidly estimate as many elastic parameters as possible from a single wood sample using the modal analysis of its vibrational impulse response; to investigate the damping characteristics and relate them to viscous behaviour; to enrich the woods database with orthotropic elastic constants; and to analyze the correlations between macroscopic viscoelastic behavior and ultrastructural parameters, including density and microfibril angle (Al Fay et al. 2022).