Roses hold high cultural and economic value and have been cultivated by humans since antiquity as ornamental plants and for therapeutic and cosmetic use. Rosa genus comprises about 200 species, among them, from eight to 20 have contributed to the creation of nearly 35 000 hybrid rose cultivars, exhibiting huge diversity in floral phenotype and perfume. Rosa species have a highly heterozygous genome, of varying level of ploidy, making it challenging to sequence and assemble. To reduce its complexity, a homozygous plant material was created from a diploid species that participated with domestication. This material allowed the generation of a high-quality rose genome assembly, considered among the three most continuous plant genomes sequenced to date. The genome, which includes annotation of coding and noncoding genes, and transposable elements, as well as the genome-wide polymorphism of 14 other rose genotypes, provides a solid base knowledge for future work on understanding genomic variation associated with floral and scent diversity.