Three Virtual Reality Environments for the Assessment of Executive Functioning Using Performance Scores and Kinematics: an Embodied and Ecological Approach to Cognition
Résumé
Virtual reality is an attractive technology for cognitive assessment because it provides a more embodied experience than typical test situations using, for example, paper and pencil. In addition, virtual reality can immerse individuals in complex situations similar to real-life situations, thereby improving the ecological validity (i.e., face validity) of the assessment. Virtual reality can also provide improved scoring of tests as it facilitates the tracking of kinematic information and the temporal tracking of activities. This study assesses the correlation between scores on executive function assessments using standard neuropsychological tasks in paper-and-pencil format, on a tablet, and in three immersive virtual reality environments, each designed to involve specific aspects of executive function. This study also aims to assess the correlation between these performance scores and a set of kinematic measures (speed, duration, distance of the hand) collected in virtual reality. The outcomes (performance score and kinematic measure) correlate with previous assessment methods (paper and pencil and computerised 2D) and with each other, suggesting their potential usefulness in clinical and research contexts. The discussion focuses on the advantages of embodied, situated and spatialised tests for cognitive assessment and the benefits of kinematic tracking in virtual reality tests for the quality of this assessment.
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