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Rapport Année : 2023

Culture et création en mutations

Résumé

The changing culture and creation study was carried out as part of the French government's Future Investment Plan on “skills and professions of the future” https://www.gouvernement.fr/cma-liste-des-diagnostics-de-formation The team brings together an original consortium made up of laboratory and university researchers as well as professional operators : Hesam University, Cnam, Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, Acte and LIRSA laboratories, AFDAS (institution responsible for professional training in the cultural sector), Les Augures collective (écology), the Centquatre rue d’Aubervilliers (a polyplace for art and culture). Published in November 2023, it observes the professions of museums, visual arts, design, crafts and digital visual arts in France. The hypothesis was that these professions are evolving due to four transitions: ecology, digital technology, cultural rights, the evolution of places of culture (online culture, public space, new missions, third places (Oldenburg). The aim was to see if and how missions, values (Müller), organizations, professions and skills change. And to consider how initial education and professional training should evolve to take this into account. The other originality is to study together museums, contemporary art, design and artistic crafts. These ecosystems, linked to the exhibition professions and those of plastic and visual creation, interact more and more (art, design, museology, arts and craft, scenography curatoring, project management, cultural ingeniery, etc.), with sometimes common economic and skills issues. They are traditionally less studied in France than the performing arts or the cultural and creative industries (cinema, book, music) in economic terms, employment and training. In particular because they are not constituted into professional corporations and have very different status (private, non profit, public structures..). More than a hundred interviews, 50 case studies, compilation of more than a hundred reports allowed us to propose 30 transversal observations and more than a hundred proposals. The results show a cultural sector : -poorly structured and little observed in terms of staff, professions and skills -artistic training and even more craft and design have never been so attractive, despite low income -On the contrary, management professions in theses field are less and less driven by vocation (Menger 2009, 2014, Dubois 2013) and attractive -independent professions and multi-activity (bureau et al 2009) are increasing, -new professions appear : art and urban planning (Pinard 2019), immersive exhibitions, etc., -multidisciplinarity and hybridity in projects and teams are increasing. So the need to understand artistic issues for cultural engineers and at the same time engineering methods for creators is more and more obvious. -the need for training (and not simply awareness) about transitions, the need to train different professionals together (artists, managers, technicians, mediators, producers) so that they can together integrate the transitions studied in their professional practice but also a very great need in the sector for training and support for change is real. -Transitions also reinforce many skills needs in the field of change management and the need for new tools for evaluating, measuring or calculating impacts is important -Public policies are increasingly moving towards calls for projects which requires new skills -Ecological, digital and cultural rights subjects have appeared in most training courses, whether in engineering or artistic and creative training. On the other hand, it is often still short awareness content and not theoretical and operational training -In terms of professional training, there is generally an under-use of training in all sectors studied, -digital mutations and ecological crisis change the art itself in term for instance of discoverability of content on line and copyright -pedagogies through the project, mobilization of skills from the human and social sciences and the methodologies of co-design, storytelling and investigation are more important. The study opens to a number of proposals to improve knowledge and professional training in these cultural sectors. In that way it is not only a research work but a study for helping public action. In order to continue the study of this very numerous data, a collective online research platform has been set up.
L’étude culture et création en mutations a été réalisée dans le cadre du Plan d’investissement d’avenir du gouvernement français sur les « compétences et métiers d’avenir ». ` Publiée en novembre 2023, elle observe les métiers des musées, des arts visuels, du design, des métiers d’arts et des arts visuels numériques. L’hypothèse était que ces métiers évoluent du fait de quatre transitions : l’écologie, le numérique, les droits culturels, l’évolution des lieux de culture (culture en ligne, espace public, nouvelles missions, tiers lieux). Il s’agissait de voir si et comment changent les missions, les valeurs, les organisations, les métiers et les compétences. Et d’envisager comment devraient évoluer les formations initiales et la formation professionnelles pour en tenir compte. L’équipe réunit un consortium original composé de chercheurs laboratoires et université mais aussi d’opérateurs professionnels. Hesam université, le Cnam, Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne laboratoire Acte, AFDAS (insitution reponsable de la formation professionnelle du secteur culturel), Le collectif Les Augures, le Cent quatre rue d’Aubervilliers. L’autre originalité de l’étude est de réunir ensemble les métiers des musées, de l’art contemporain, du design et des métiers d’art, parce qu’ils sont moins étudiés en France que le spectacle vivant ou les industries culturelles et surtout qu’ils travaillent ensemble et rencontrent les mêmes problématiques en lien avec les métiers de l’exposition Plus d’une centaine d’entretiens, 50 études de cas, l’étude de plus d’une centaine de rapports et l’envoi de questionnaires ont permis de faire une trentaine d’observation. Les résultats montrent un secteur culturel qui est de moins en moins porté par la vocation (Menger 2009, 2014, Dubois 2013), le développement des professions indépendantes et de la poly activité (bureau et al 2009), l’apparition nouveaux métiers : urbanisme culturel (Pinard 2019), expositions immersives…, le besoin de formation (et non simplement de sensibilisation) aux mutations, la nécessité de former ensembles différents professionnels (artistes, gestionnaires, techniciens, médiateurs, producteurs) afin qu’ils puissent ensemble intégrer les transitions étudiées dans leur pratique professionnelles mais aussi un très grand besoin du secteur de formation et d’accompagnement au changement.
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hal-04327077 , version 1 (11-12-2023)

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  • HAL Id : hal-04327077 , version 1

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Lucie Marinier. Culture et création en mutations. Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam); HESAM universités. 2023. ⟨hal-04327077⟩
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