damien agut-laborde `re More than thirty years of excavations in Kharga Oasis have yielded a large amount of Demotic ostraca providing information about the various tax systems in place in this remote area of the Egyptian Western Desert. Although quantitatively the Kharga Demotic documentary record is not comparable with those from the Theban area and the Fayyum, it is distinctive in that it allows examination of the development of tax policies in the long term, from the reign of the Achaemenid Great Kings to that of Octavian/Augustus. In this regard, fiscal documentation (receipts, list of taxpayers, but also private acts mentioning taxes and rents) helps shed light on the inner institutions of the rural communities and agricultural economy. In this chapter, I propose to give a first overview of the taxes which were levied in several rural settlements of the Kharga Oasis considered in the longue durée of the second part of the first millennium BC.