Semantic Tree-Width and Path-Width of Conjunctive Regular Path Queries
Résumé
We show that the problem of whether a query is equivalent to a query of tree-width k is decidable, for the class of Unions of Conjunctive Regular Path Queries with two-way navigation (UC2RPQs). A previous result by Barceló, Romero, and Vardi [SIAM Journal on Computing, 2016] has shown decidability for the case k=1, and here we extend this result showing that decidability in fact holds for any arbitrary k≥1. The algorithm is in 2ExpSpace, but for the restricted but practically relevant case where all regular expressions of the query are of the form a* or (a1+⋯+an) we show that the complexity of the problem drops to Pi-p-2.
We also investigate the related problem of approximating a UC2RPQ by queries of small tree-width. We exhibit an algorithm which, for any fixed number k, builds the maximal under-approximation of tree-width k of a UC2RPQ. The maximal under-approximation of tree-width k of a query q is a query q′ of tree-width k which is contained in q in a maximal and unique way, that is, such that for every query q'' of tree-width k, if q'' is contained in q then q'' is also contained in q'.
Our approach is shown to be robust, in the sense that it allows also to test equivalence with queries of a given path-width, it also covers the previously known result for k=1, and it allows to test for equivalence of whether a (one-way) UCRPQ is equivalent to a UCRPQ of a given tree-width (or path-width).