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Pré-Publication, Document De Travail Année : 2023

The Hawking temperature as a minimum temperature, the Planck temperature as the maximum temperature and the CMB temperature as a geometric mean temperature

Résumé

We will illustrate how the Hawking temperature, seems to represent simply the minimum temperature above zero anywhere in the Hubble sphere. It serves as the temperature gap, so to speak-the minimum temperature above zero-and therefore, also the energy gap. This do not exclude that it in addition represent radiation from the black hole. Secondly, the Planck temperature is likely the maximum temperature at any localized subatomic point in the universe. Additionally, we demonstrate that the CMB temperature is simply a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum and maximum temperatures. This observation suggests a leaning toward reconsideration of R_H = ct cosmological models, as well as black hole cosmological models, even if this possibly also can be consistent with the Lambda-CDM model. Most importantly, this contributes to the growing literature in recent years, asserting not only the measurability of the CMB temperature but its accurate predictability as well and to tighten the relationship between such as CMB and the Hubble constant and other aspects related to the Hubble sphere.
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Dates et versions

hal-04308132 , version 1 (29-11-2023)
hal-04308132 , version 2 (02-12-2023)

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Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Partage selon les Conditions Initiales

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  • HAL Id : hal-04308132 , version 1

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Espen Gaarder Haug. The Hawking temperature as a minimum temperature, the Planck temperature as the maximum temperature and the CMB temperature as a geometric mean temperature. 2023. ⟨hal-04308132v1⟩
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