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Journal Articles Nature Year : 2023

A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3

Luca Costantin
  • Function : Author
Pablo G Pérez-González
  • Function : Author
Yuchen Guo
  • Function : Author
Chiara Buttitta
  • Function : Author
Shardha Jogee
  • Function : Author
Micaela B Bagley
  • Function : Author
Guillermo Barro
  • Function : Author
Jeyhan S Kartaltepe
  • Function : Author
Anton M Koekemoer
  • Function : Author
Cristina Cabello
  • Function : Author
Enrico Maria Corsini
  • Function : Author
Jairo Méndez-Abreu
  • Function : Author
Alexander de la Vega
  • Function : Author
Kartheik G Iyer
  • Function : Author
Laura Bisigello
  • Function : Author
Yingjie Cheng
  • Function : Author
Lorenzo Morelli
  • Function : Author
Pablo Arrabal Haro
  • Function : Author
Fernando Buitrago
  • Function : Author
M.C Cooper
  • Function : Author
Avishai Dekel
  • Function : Author
Mark Dickinson
  • Function : Author
Steven L Finkelstein
  • Function : Author
Mauro Giavalisco
  • Function : Author
Benne W Holwerda
  • Function : Author
Ray A Lucas
  • Function : Author
Nor Pirzkal
  • Function : Author
Jesús Vega-Ferrero
  • Function : Author
Stijn Wuyts
  • Function : Author
L.Y. Aaron Yung
  • Function : Author

Abstract

The majority of massive disk galaxies in the local Universe show a stellar barred structure in their central regions, including our Milky Way. Bars are supposed to develop in dynamically cold stellar disks at low redshift, as the strong gas turbulence typical of disk galaxies at high redshift suppresses or delays bar formation. Moreover, simulations predict bars to be almost absent beyond $z = 1.5$ in the progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies. Here we report observations of ceers-2112, a barred spiral galaxy at redshift $z_{\rm phot} \sim 3$, which was already mature when the Universe was only 2 Gyr old. The stellar mass ($M_{\star} = 3.9 \times 10^9 M_{\odot}$) and barred morphology mean that ceers-2112 can be considered a progenitor of the Milky Way, in terms of both structure and mass-assembly history in the first 2 Gyr of the Universe, and was the closest in mass in the first 4 Gyr. We infer that baryons in galaxies could have already dominated over dark matter at $z \sim 3$, that high-redshift bars could form in approximately 400 Myr and that dynamically cold stellar disks could have been in place by redshift $z = 4-5$ (more than 12 Gyrs ago).
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hal-04277387 , version 1 (10-11-2023)

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Luca Costantin, Pablo G Pérez-González, Yuchen Guo, Chiara Buttitta, Shardha Jogee, et al.. A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3. Nature, 2023, 623 (7987), pp.499-501. ⟨10.1038/s41586-023-06636-x⟩. ⟨hal-04277387⟩
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