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Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2020

The Multiple Layers of Information Communication Technologies and Their Use in Urban Public Space

Résumé

The pervasiveness of digital communication technology transpires in our everyday lives partly because of its multi-layered nature. From connected home devices, to wireless hotspots in public spaces, to neighborhood-wide access points and international fiber optics cable, new telecommunications operate on multiple, interconnected scales. Similarly, the planning of urban environments is also one of different geographies: including the design of living in cities, which takes place at the level of the building, the street, the public square, the neighborhood, the municipality and the region. This chapter aims to provide a new understanding of urban planning practices by correlating them to the multiple geographical and physical levels at which technological infrastructures operate and affect us. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) collect data on cities’ users (via cameras, location identification, user count, qualities of uses), while simultaneously acting as vectors for sharing information (for purposes of policy implementation, government communication, warnings, advertisements and access to public services). While the technologies studied in this chapter - LED media facades, 5G high-speed mobile connectivity, portable augmented reality, artificial intelligence through machine learning - are all considered insofar as they directly relate to changing uses of public space, they can however be differentiated by their intended response to different societal needs. A first part of this study will categorize these technologies according to binomial parameters: first, whether they address public or private needs; second, whether their primary means are passive (i.e. billboards, advertisements) or active (i.e. applications, interactive media). This matrix will act both as a frame of reference and a survey of current initiatives, as well as the starting point for the second part of this chapter. Drawing from literature on urban geography (such as that relating to urban social sustainability), we will cross-reference a set of performance metrics which are pertinent to the improvement of the quality of life in public space with the wide-range of new ICTs analyzed in a first part of this chapter, in order to assess how each of the latter impact the former’s parameters of livability. How can these new sources of data affect our understanding of how we use public space? How are these impacts affected by place, space and scale? By drawing on a wide range of initiatives and experiments developed in urban centers from various cities around the worlds, we will show that testing this new framework is relevant to principles of urban planning and for the development of smart cities of the future, and will identify patterns that can lead to the development of a set of best practices. Our conclusion considers both the positive as well as the negative uses of technology in the preparation and research that leads to urban planning decisions. In both cases, then, we provide recommendations regarding easy, accessible and proven successes, as well as broader and longer-term dynamics that are to be expected as technology continues its expansion.

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Dates et versions

hal-04276876 , version 1 (09-11-2023)

Licence

Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale

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  • HAL Id : hal-04276876 , version 1

Citer

Pierre Depaz, Nicolas Grefenstette. The Multiple Layers of Information Communication Technologies and Their Use in Urban Public Space: A Case Study of New York City. EMERGENT TECHNOLOGIES: NEW MEDIA AND URBAN LIFE, Common Ground, pp.240, 2020, 978-1-86335-219-2. ⟨hal-04276876⟩

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