Haemosporidian infection in urban and peri urban wild birds admitted to a French Wildlife rehabilitation Center between 2018 and 2019
Résumé
Introduction: Impact of haemosporidian infection in wild birds hosted in rehabilitation centers is unknown. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to the arrival of infected raptors and corvids to a rehabilitation center in Paris region, in order to determine their chance of recovery and release, as well as the risks of transmission to other hosted birds. We also propose sanitary measures adapted to wildlife rehabilitation centres to minimize health risks linked to haemoparasitism.
Methods: Between 2018 and 2019, 37 raptors (6 species) and 150 corvids (4 species) were blood sampled at their arrival to the wildlife hospital of the national veterinary school of Alfort (EnvA). The analysis of blood smears and blood samples DNA allowed for the morphological and molecular identification of Hemosporodia and gave an estimate for the parasitemia.
Results: The presence of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium was confirmed. Statistical analysis demonstrated an association between age and Plasmodium sp. infection. Plasmodium was predominant in corvids, and more frequently implicated in cases of co-infestations. In raptors, Leucocytozoon seems more prevalent. No impact on release succes was observed
Conclusions: Hemoparasitism in raptors and corvids at the wildlife hospital from EnvA is a largely sub-clinical infestation, and has little impact of the potential release of the birds. It is therefore crucial to determine the existence of vectors in wildlife hospitals, and to limit the risk of transmission during the rehabilitation period. Thus, it will allow for the implementation of risk management measures concerning vector control and will reduce the risk of dissemination of hemosporidies via released birds.