Article Dans Une Revue Environmental Development Année : 2014

“Eco-ethnic identity”: Being an indigenous agriculturist in Nairobi and Mumbai national parks

Frédéric Landy

Résumé

Protection policies and their implementation vary depending on the status of the area, national legislation, location, etc. also on the local people's activities and social identity. The last two points shall be developed in this paper. Why is an activity like pastoralism tacitly tolerated during the dry season in the national park of Nairobi, but not in Mumbai? Which identity (that proclaimed by the ethnic group itself, or that attributed by the Others) can cause a group to be expelled or tolerated in a park? What I call the "eco-ethnic identity" of the group is a key factor explaining the level of tolerance the group is shown. If the relationship between environment and the group (eco-identity) is deemed mostly protective and sustainable, and if the group image is endowed with striking, emblematic traits (ethnic identity) that make it attractive for tourism, the conservation policies will be more liberal and socially inclusive than if the group is not iconic. Highlights: Protection policies vary depending on the local people's status. The "eco-ethnic identity" may explain the level of tolerance the group is shown. The case studies of Nairobi and Mumbai national parks illustrate these points.

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hal-04248436 , version 1 (19-10-2023)

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Frédéric Landy. “Eco-ethnic identity”: Being an indigenous agriculturist in Nairobi and Mumbai national parks. Environmental Development, 2014, 10 (Supplement C), pp.68-83. ⟨10.1016/j.envdev.2014.01.002⟩. ⟨hal-04248436⟩
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