L'origine de l'objectif est-elle importante? Effets motivationnels d'objectifs autodéfinis en production - Archive ouverte HAL
Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2023

L'origine de l'objectif est-elle importante? Effets motivationnels d'objectifs autodéfinis en production

Résumé

Only 21% of employees consider themselves engaged at work. Moreover, disengagement has been shown to be even more problematic when work is repetitive in nature. Lack of engagement has been linked to variety of negative outcomes for employees and companies (e.g., turnover, absenteeism, well-being, safety incidents, productivity). Gamification, i.e., integrating game elements into work systems, has been successfully used to increase engagement and motivation, even when work tasks were mundane and repetitive. In the current study, we focused on a commonly used game element, goal setting, through the lens of self-determination theory and goal-setting theory. We argue that goals given by an external source (e.g., company, experimenter) produce extrinsic motivation, which improves engagement and performance only in the short term. We posit that self-set goals lead to more autonomous motivation, and therefore long-term engagement and performance. One hundred two participants completed a repetitive material-handling task in one of three conditions (assigned goal, self-set goal, no goal). Results showed that perceived autonomy (autonomous motivation) and performance were best when goals were self-set. Engagement, however, was equal between self-set and assigned goals. The results indicate that self-set goals have the greatest potential to generate long-term positive outcomes both for employees and companies.
Seuls 21 % des employés se considèrent engagés au travail. Le désengagement, générant une variété de résultats négatifs dont l'absentéisme et la perte de productivité, est encore plus problématique lorsque le travail est de nature répétitive. La gamification, c'est-à-dire l'intégration d'éléments de jeu dans les systèmes de travail, est une solution possible permettant d'accroître l'engagement et la motivation. Dans la présente étude, nous nous concentrons sur un de ses leviers, soit la fixation d'objectifs. Nous soutenons que les objectifs assignés produisent une motivation extrinsèque qui n'améliore l'engagement et la performance qu'à court terme. Nous postulons aussi que les objectifs autodéfinis conduisent à une motivation autodéterminée, et donc, à un engagement et une performance accrue à long terme. Ainsi, un cadre expérimental impliquant cent deux participants effectuant une tâche répétitive dans une de trois conditions (objectif assigné, autodéfini, aucun objectif) a été réalisé. Les résultats ont montré que l'autonomie perçue et la performance étaient meilleures lorsque les objectifs étaient autodéfinis. Cependant, l'engagement demeure égal lorsque les objectifs sont autodéfinis et assignés. Ces résultats suggèrent que les objectifs autodéfinis ont un plus grand potentiel de générer des résultats positifs à long terme. Abstract-Only 21% of employees consider themselves engaged at work. Moreover, disengagement has been shown to be even more problematic when work is repetitive in nature. Lack of engagement has been linked to variety of negative outcomes for employees and companies (e.g., turnover, absenteeism, well-being, safety incidents, productivity). Gamification, i.e., integrating game elements into work systems, has been successfully used to increase engagement and motivation, even when work tasks were mundane and repetitive. In the current study, we focused on a commonly used game element, goal setting, through the lens of self-determination theory and goal-setting theory. We argue that goals given by an external source (e.g., company, experimenter) produce extrinsic motivation, which improves engagement and performance only in the short term. We posit that self-set goals lead to more autonomous motivation, and therefore long-term engagement and performance. One hundred two participants completed a repetitive material-handling task in one of three conditions (assigned goal, self-set goal, no goal). Results showed that perceived autonomy (autonomous motivation) and performance were best when goals were self-set. Engagement, however, was equal between self-set and assigned goals. The results indicate that self-set goals have the greatest potential to generate long-term positive outcomes both for employees and companies.
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Dates et versions

hal-04194364 , version 1 (02-09-2023)

Identifiants

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Mario Passalacqua, Robert Pellerin, Florian Magnani, Laurent Joblot, Esma Yahia, et al.. L'origine de l'objectif est-elle importante? Effets motivationnels d'objectifs autodéfinis en production. CIGI QUALITA MOSIM 2023, Jun 2023, Trois Rivières, Canada. ⟨hal-04194364⟩
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