Диагностика диспозиционного оптимизма, валидность и надежность опросника ТДО-П
Résumé
According to C. Carver and M. Scheier, dispositional optimism is a cognitive disposition
(personal trait) which includes general expectations about the future or person’s tendency to
believe that there will be more positive events in the future than negative ones. Many researches
showed that optimism as positive expectations is related to better indicators of physical health,
psychological well-being, better interpersonal relationships. The main posited mechanism of
these relations is the influence of optimism on motivation that manifests itself in readiness of
optimists to make efforts to solve problems that occur in their lives. The paper presents the
results of approbation of the LOT-R, revised version of dispositional optimism questionnaire
developed by M. Scheier, C. Carver and M. Bridges. Validation was realized in two studies — in
the sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students of different universities (n = 406) and in
the representative Russian sample (N = 1509). Both of these studies demonstrated a high reliability of the questionnaire (alpha = 0.78). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor structure
(including optimism factor and style of answer factor) was confirmed. The validity of the Russian
version of LOT-R is supported by substantive correlations with indicators of psychological wellbeing and moderate but statistically significant correlations with indicators of optimistic attributional style. The construct validity of the test is also supported by correlations with indicators of
self-regulation, hope, and hardiness. Detailed information about the association between dispositional optimism and sociodemographic variables (gender, age and educational level) are presented. The statistical norms are provided. The LOT-R questionnaire provides wide opportunities for
Russian psychologists to continue the research on dispositional optimism and its impact on
health, well-being, performance, and interpersonal relationships.
Domaines
Psychologie
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