The current health crisis has put the spotlight back on the need to consider integrated and sustainable approaches to prevent future zoonotic emergences, rather than focusing solely on a response to an epidemic. For this to happen, it is more important than ever to recognise that human health and well-being are intimately linked to the state of biodiversity and the environment (“One Health, Eco Health” approaches). Rodents are a prime example of these complex interactions between health for all, the fight against hunger, sustainable communities and cities, and biodiversity protection. However, our knowledge of methods to reduce the socioeconomic and health impacts of urban rodents is surprisingly incomplete, often leaving people already weakened by chronic poverty and a degraded environment to fend for themselves.