NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey: Survey Description and Galaxy Number Counts
L. Bing
(1)
,
M. Béthermin
(1, 2)
,
G. Lagache
(1)
,
R. Adam
(3)
,
P. Ade
(4)
,
H. Ajeddig
(5)
,
P. André
(5)
,
E. Artis
(6)
,
H. Aussel
(5)
,
A. Beelen
(1)
,
A. Benoit
(7)
,
S. Berta
(8)
,
N. Billot
(9)
,
O. Bourrion
(6)
,
M. Calvo
(10)
,
A. Catalano
(6)
,
M. de Petris
(11)
,
F.-X. Désert
(12)
,
S. Doyle
(4)
,
E.F.C. Driessen
(8)
,
D. Elbaz
(5)
,
A. Gkogkou
(1)
,
A. Gomez
(13)
,
J. Goupy
(7)
,
C. Hanser
(6)
,
F. Kéruzoré
(14)
,
C. Kramer
(8)
,
B. Ladjelate
(15)
,
D. Liu
(16)
,
S. Leclercq
(8)
,
J.-F. Lestrade
(17)
,
P. Lustig
(18)
,
J.F. Macías-Pérez
(6)
,
A. Maury
(5)
,
P. Mauskopf
(4)
,
F Mayet
(6)
,
A. Monfardini
(7)
,
M. Muñoz-Echeverría
(6)
,
L Perotto
(6)
,
G. Pisano
(11)
,
N. Ponthieu
(12)
,
V. Revéret
(5)
,
A.J. Rigby
(4)
,
A. Ritacco
(19)
,
C. Romero
(20)
,
H. Roussel
(21)
,
F. Ruppin
(22)
,
K. Schuster
(8)
,
A. Sievers
(15)
,
C. Tucker
(4)
,
R. Zylka
(8)
1
LAM -
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
2 ObAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
3 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
4 Cardiff University
5 AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
6 LPSC - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie
7 NEEL - HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications
8 IRAM - Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique
9 ObsGE - Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève
10 NEEL - Cryo - Cryogénie
11 UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]
12 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
13 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]
14 ANL - Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont]
15 IRAM - Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica
16 MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik
17 LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres
18 INAF - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
19 Astrophysique
20 University of Pennsylvania
21 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
22 IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
2 ObAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
3 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
4 Cardiff University
5 AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
6 LPSC - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie
7 NEEL - HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications
8 IRAM - Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique
9 ObsGE - Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève
10 NEEL - Cryo - Cryogénie
11 UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]
12 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
13 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]
14 ANL - Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont]
15 IRAM - Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica
16 MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik
17 LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres
18 INAF - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
19 Astrophysique
20 University of Pennsylvania
21 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
22 IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
R. Adam
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 739472
- IdHAL : remi-adam
- ORCID : 0009-0000-5380-1109
- IdRef : 192629077
O. Bourrion
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 830119
A. Catalano
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1341272
- IdHAL : andreacatalano
F. Kéruzoré
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 737379
- IdHAL : florian-keruzore
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9605-5588
- IdRef : 259733563
J.F. Macías-Pérez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 830870
- IdHAL : juan-francisco-macias-perez
F Mayet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 14811
- IdHAL : frederic-mayet
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9995-4792
- IdRef : 160311675
M. Muñoz-Echeverría
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1301409
L Perotto
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 742116
- IdHAL : lperotto
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6937-5052
- IdRef : 118429221
Résumé
Aims. Deep millimeter surveys are necessary to probe the dust-obscured galaxies at high redshift. We conducted a large observing program at 1.2 and 2 mm with the NIKA2 camera installed on the IRAM 30-meter telescope. This NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) covers two emblematic fields: GOODS-N and COSMOS. We introduce the N2CLS survey and present new 1.2 and 2 mm number count measurements based on the tiered N2CLS observations from October 2017 to May 2021. Methods. We develop an end-to-end simulation that combines an input sky model with the instrument noise and data reduction pipeline artifacts. This simulation is used to compute the sample purity, flux boosting, pipeline transfer function, completeness, and effective area of the survey. We used the 117 deg$^2$ SIDES simulations as the sky model, which include the galaxy clustering. Our formalism allows us to correct the source number counts to obtain galaxy number counts, the difference between the two being due to resolution effects caused by the blending of several galaxies inside the large beam of single-dish instruments. Results. The N2CLS-May2021 survey reaches an average 1-$\sigma$ noise level of 0.17 and 0.048 mJy on GOODS-N over 159 arcmin$^2$, and 0.46 and 0.14 mJy on COSMOS over 1010 arcmin$^2$, at 1.2 and 2 mm, respectively. For a purity threshold of 80%, we detect 120 and 67 sources in GOODS-N and 195 and 76 sources in COSMOS, at 1.2 and 2 mm, respectively. Our measurement connects the bright single-dish to the deep interferometric number counts. After correcting for resolution effects, our results reconcile the single-dish and interferometric number counts and are further accurately compared with model predictions.
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