Investigation on the stoichiometry of carbon dioxide in isotope-exchange reactions with phenylacetic acids
Résumé
The functionalization of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) as a C1 building block has attracted enormous attention. Carboxylation reactions, in particular, are of major interest for applications in isotope labeling. Due to the inexpensive nature of CO$_2$, information about its stoichiometric use is generally unavailable in the literature. Because of the rarity and limited availability of CO$_2$ isotopomers, this parameter is of concern for applications in carbon-isotope labeling. We investigated the effects of the stoichiometry of labeled CO$_2$ on carbon isotope exchange of phenylacetic acids. Both thermal and photocatalytic procedures were studied, providing insight into product outcome and isotope incorporation. Preliminary results on isotope-dilution effects of carbonate bases in photocatalytic carboxylation reactions have also been obtained.