Road transport is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. In addition, in urban areas, other negative externalities must be considered, such as congestion, noise, etc. Freight transport is responsible for a significant part of these externalities which companies are not, today, financially charged. To address these issues, one solution is to operate the city in a more sustainable way. In this study, we compare the social cost (cost of ownership and environmental cost) of three technologies (Light Commercial Trucks-LCTs, electric LCTs and cargo bikes) in the case of Paris City. The main results indicate that it is worthwhile to use cargo bikes up to a certain point, the optimum being a mixed fleet. The originality of this study is that it is based on an operational database of one carrier's activities during two months in the Ile-de-France region.