Enabling timing predictability in the presence of store buffers
Résumé
We study the effect of store buffers on the timing predictability of processor pipelines. We show that the concurrency between the load unit and the store buffer to access the memory bus is an obstacle to timing predictability, even in simple scalar in-order pipeline designs. We then propose a gating mechanism that removes these shortcomings. We model subsets of pipelines that implement our mechanism using an established logic framework. Using the Coq proof assistant, we prove that it enables timing predictability. Finally, we show that the performance cost of our mechanism measured on an FPGA-synthesized RISC-V core is around 2% only on average, with a minimal increase in resource usage.
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