Improvement in dry feed consumption by suckling piglets: mechanisms and consequences
Améliorer la consommation d'aliment sec sous la mère : leviers et conséquences
Résumé
Stimulating the consumption of solid feed prior to weaning may improve piglet adaptation after weaning. The aim of this study was to provide some key recommendations to improve creep feed intake in sucklers. Twenty-one and 11 litters, weaned at 21 and 28 days of age (doa), respectively, were included in this trial. The litters were creep-fed in round conventional feeders from d5 after birth. Every day, two times a day until d14 and then three times a day until weaning, fresh creep feed was weighed and given to litters, and the number of piglets was recorded. The feed remaining in each feeder was weighed to quantify feed disappearance at the litter level. Finally, piglets were individually weighed on d2, at weaning (21 or 28 doa), on d42 and at the end of the postweaning period. Statistical analyses (analysis of variance) were performed using R Studio. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Regardless of the age at weaning, feed disappearance increased as piglet age increased, especially from ca. 2 weeks of life. Depending on the feeder characteristics, mean creep-feed intake was 1294 g (feeder A) for weaning at 21 doa and 1616 g (feeder B) or 3227 g (feeder A) for weaning at 28 doa. Weaning weights of piglets with feeder A were significantly higher (+400 g, on average). In addition, the more piglets there were in the litter, the higher the dry feed disappearance for weaning at 28 doa. Finally, regardless of the age at weaning, the heavier the piglet on d2, the higher the feed disappearance.
Pour les porcelets, le sevrage représente un stress important. En effet, en maternité, le porcelet s’alimente majoritairement en tétant sa mère et doit rapidement s’adapter à une alimentation à sec après le sevrage. Bien que les résultats issus des études déjà publiées soient parfois contradictoires, il est supposé que plus un porcelet consomme d’aliment sec en maternité, plus il s’adaptera rapidement à son alimentation en post-sevrage. S’il ne semble pas y avoir de conséquence démontrée sur les performances de croissance après le sevrage dans la littérature, l’intérêt pour la réduction des maladies digestives en post-sevrage est souvent évoqué. L’objectif de cette étude est de proposer des recommandations de distribution d’aliment sec pour les porcelets au cours de la lactation pour faciliter la transition en post-sevrage.
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