The Boring Trepanning Association (BTA) deep hole drilling process is frequently employed for machining bores with a high length-to-diameter ratio and diameters larger than 6 mm. Typical applications of BTA deep hole-drilled components include the production of drill collars, hydraulic cylinders and highly safety-critical parts like the landing gear of airplanes. The production of these components tends to be complex and usually they are very cost-intensive. For this reason, the quality of bores not only concerning geometric aspects like roundness and straightness but also in terms of surface integrity is of major importance to ensure a component's performance throughout its entire lifetime. The residual stress state in the subsurface zone of the bores is a key aspect of the surface integrity, which has a major impact on fatigue performance. In previous experimental studies and analytical modeling approaches, it was found that during BTA deep hole drilling elevated compressive residual stresses are built up in the subsurface zone of the bores. In this study, the evolution of residual stresses under quasi-static and cyclic loading is analyzed, using X-ray diffractometry and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) analysis. Both methods were employed intermittently in tests inspired by the tube-flattening test according to DIN EN ISO 8492. Compressive residual stresses, with medium intensity of approx.-300 MPa, can persist in the subsurface zone of the bores until a large number of cycles. Major drops in the intensity of compressive stresses were observed after macro crack initiation in fatigue tests.