Over the past several years, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) in a large variety of fields has shown a fast growing. Particularly, they have appeared as versatile media for synthesis and deposition of inorganic materials [1, 2] by different techniques such as solvothermal [3], ionothermal [4] and electrodeposition [5]. In fact, their wide electrochemical window, sufficient electric conductivity, extremely law vapor pressures and good thermal stability allowed their use as electrolytes for the electrodeposition of zinc oxide at very high temperatures (above 100°C). ILs have particular self-assembling properties and are used as template agents. They are an important source of ions which interact with the inorganic solid surface [6]. Zinc oxide is presented as a promising material for many technological applications, because of its multi-functionality [7] and its rich family of nanostructures [8]. But, better control of specific properties, especially the surface states, is still necessary to improve ZnO properties. With the aim of improving the quality of ZnO nanostructured thin layers, electrochemical mechanisms involved in the electrodeposition that we made in some aprotic ILs are discussed. The morphology and structural properties of the obtained thin layers are also analyzed, emphasizing the differences with respect to those obtained by the electrochemical approaches based on aqueous and conventional organic electrolytes. The objective of this study is to correlate the physicochemical properties of the ILs used with the nature of the films of ZnO obtained. References 1. Azaceta, E., et al., Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011. 13(29): p. 13433- 13440. 2. Azaceta, E., et al., Electrochimica Acta, 2013. 96: p. 261-267. 3. Biswas, K. and C.e.N.e.R. Rao, Chemistry-A European Journal, 2007. 13(21): p. 6123- 6129. 4. Tarascon, J.-M., et al., Chemistry of Materials, 2009. 22(3): p. 724-739. 5. Azaceta, E., et al., Electrochemistry Communications, 2009. 11(11): p. 2184-2186. 6. Azaceta, E., et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2013. 1(35): p. 10173-10183. 7. Klingshirn, C., et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007. 90, 131115 8. Wang, Z.L., Journal of physics: condensed matter, 2004. 16(25): p. R829.