The gut glycome-microbiota axis: a missing key to optimizing endurance fitness
Résumé
Endurance athletes offer unique physiology and metabolism compared to sedentary individuals. Athletes training at high intensities for long periods are at risk for impaired intestinal barrier function, gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances, and an imbalance of the microbiota-glycome axis. The gut glycome profoundly affects the assembly and function of the gut microbiome, immune and mitochondrial function, and the gut barrier homeostasis. At the same time, microbes' composition and function regulate the O-glycome, mucus secretion, intestinal barrier integrity, and immune response. During endurance exercise, microbial glycans foraging might enhance fuel bioavailability for the mitochondria while improving aerobic work competencies, sparing glycogen usage, and increasing performance. Understanding how interactions between the gut microbiome and host glycome affect gastrointestinal physiology, immune modulation, and the ability to harness energy in response to exercise offers the opportunity to shape lifelong gut, immune, and metabolic health and enhance athletic performance. Dietary glycans, pro-, and postbiotics supplementation have been shown to improve intestinal mucus production and barrier function, offering new opportunities for enhancing the nutritional plans for athletes.
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