Abstract The ethnographic and experimental archaeological studies have provided a lot of information about early methods of pottery production in archaeological field. Therefore, this article attempts to establish a link between the studies of Neolithic pottery in Central Sudan and modern traditional pottery industries in the Nuba Mountains. Using the concept of chain operatoire, a term that means the reconstruction of all the technical processes of the pottery industry (collecting the raw material, preparing the clay, forming, surface treatment, decoration, firing and using the final product) through studies of the micro-traces of ancient pottery. The present study aims to obtain more information about the manufacturing process of Neolithic pottery in Central Sudan by linking it with the study of ethno-archaeology of pottery industries in Nuba Mountains that was conducted in 2020. The comparison between the micro-traces of Neolithic pottery and modern pottery production provides a clear picture of the evolution of the technical manufacturing process in the Neolithic period in Central Sudan. The results show several common elements of the pottery manufacture process between the Neolithic communities and the modern communities in the Nuba Mountains. The methods of collecting clay, preparing it, and firing it in kilns traditionally used in the Nuba Mountains may shed light on whether these methods were also used in the Neolithic era in Central Sudan. In terms of ceramic forming and surface treatment techniques, both Mesolithic and Neolithic societies used the manual method of coiling by benching and moulding techniques, and these techniques are still used in the Nuba Mountains. Finally, regarding decorative motifs, both phases display similar motives forms but using different tools.