With the case study of the Wadi Dishshah (southern part of the Hajar Mountains, Sultanate of Oman), we present a challenging geomorphological context for diachronic landscape reconstruction: fluvial archives in drylands. In arid to semi-arid environments, fluvial activities are dominated by ephemeral streams and torrential flood events. Hence, poor preservation of organic matter and discontinuous records is a frequent issue that can hinder the production of clear chronological stages. This research in Wadi Dishshah is the first study in Oman dedicated to the evolution of an hydrosystem from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene. The morphological organization of the Wadi Dishshah enables us to confront three levels of fluvial terraces and three phases of sedimentary accumulation: level TA between 26 460 – 11 320 years BP; level TB between 6 540 years BP-5 690 years BP and level TC around 2 550 years BP. Based on the relationship between alluvial accumulation phases and increasing humidity and rainfall, these data can be used to build a local hydro-climatic signal. We compare this signal with concurrent archaeological events, such as the optimization of water resources by local Bronze Age and Iron Age societies at the end of the Holocene Pluvial Phase in the southern piedmont of the Hajar Mountains. Last, we will discuss the research outputs provided by these new data and the chronological limits encountered.